The neural network has shown an interesting mismatch in the painting of the Italian painter of the Rafael Santy Renaissance. Researchers at Bradford University in the United Kingdom concluded that St. Joseph's face on Madonna's canvas could be created not by Raphael himself, but one of his students.
The study of Science Alert writes was made possible by the use of deep machine learning. The mathematician Hassan Ugale and his team were taught artificial intelligence to recognize Raphael's style - from the characteristic brush strokes to the shadows and the color palette. The Microsoft Resnet50 architecture, modified for the needs of art studies, was used for this purpose. The neural network analyzed different parts of the painting "Madonna with a rose", created approximately between 1518 and 1520. It turned out that although Madonna, infant and St. John were written by Raphael, the face of St. Joseph, located in the upper left corner of the canvas, made with the other hand. "When we analyzed the whole picture, the results were ambiguous. But the analysis of individual parts showed a clear difference in style," Ugale notes. According to him, the accuracy of the system in the analysis of Raphael's works reached 98%. As early as the nineteenth century, art critics suggested that Raphael did not always end his canvases on his own. Among the probable authors of the disputed fragment, researchers call Julio Romano - one of the closest students of the master.
Raphael is one of the most influential artists of the Italian Renaissance. His heritage covers dozens of world -famous works. One of the most mysterious paintings is "three grace", which still causes disputes over symbolism and original design. Some researchers believe that it depicts Paris's mythological court, others - that it is three daughters of Zeus: Aglai, waist and Euphrosyne. Another masterpiece of Raphael is the Fresco "Athenian School", ordered by Pope Julius II. This monumental canvas depicts more than fifty philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras and even the author himself. This work has recently been officially recognized as a papacy symbol.
Detection of new details with the help of artificial intelligence opens a new era in art. Perhaps in the near future we will receive answers to other questions that have remained unable to answer for centuries.
